RNA相关的低剂量辐射响应标志物

电离辐射会对人体造成损伤,根据受照剂量、时间等因素的不同可诱发多种生物效应。目前对于低剂量辐射产生的健康效应仍有争议,筛选对低剂量敏感的辐射响应生物标志物,对于完善低剂量辐射生物效应机制、拓宽低剂量辐射在临床中的应用均具有重要理论意义。综述探讨各核糖核酸(RNA)在低剂量辐射反应中的变化及其对辐射敏感性的调节作用,同时评估各RNA作为低剂量辐射响应标志物的潜力。     

Prevalence of sport specialisation and association with injury history in youth football

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of sport specialisation in youth football, and to investigate the associations of sport specialisation and volume of sport participation with injury history.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire.SettingNew Zealand youth football teams.Participants414 youth football players aged 10–15 years.Main outcome measuresThe level of specialisation, average weekly sport participation and free-play volume were recorded. 12-month injury history was captured and grouped by injury type. Associations between level of specialisation and demographic variables were analysed using chi square tests. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations between injury history, level of specialisation, and volume of participation.ResultsParticipants were classified as high (43%), moderate (38%), or low (19%) specialised (n = 399 complete). High specialisation was more likely in boys, older participants, and those from large schools. Highly specialised participants were more likely to report a history of gradual onset injury than those who were low specialised (n = 340 with complete injury data). Odds of reporting a gradual onset injury also increased with greater weekly and annual sport participation volume.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of sport specialisation in youth football, and it is associated with increased incidence of gradual onset injury.     

What information can we gain from performing adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients from the past 10 years?

The aim of the review was to present the current literature status about replanning regarding anatomical and dosimetric changes in the target and OARs in the head and neck region during radiotherapy, to discuss and to analyze factors influencing the decision for adaptive radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients. Significant progress has been made in head and neck patients’ evaluation and qualification for adapted radiotherapy over the past ten years. Many factors leading to anatomical and dosimetric changes during treatment have been identified. Based on the literature, the most common factors triggering re-plan are weight loss, tumor and nodal changes, and parotid glands shrinkage. The fluctuations in dose distribution in the clinical area are significant predictive factors for patients’ quality of life and the possibility of recovery. It has been shown that re-planning influence clinical outcomes: local control, disease free survival and overall survival. Regarding literature studies, it seems that adaptive radiotherapy would be the most beneficial for tumors of immense volume or those in the nearest proximity of the OARs. All researchers agree that the timing of re-planning is a crucial challenge, and there are still no clear consensus guidelines for time or criteria of re-planning. Nowadays, thanks to significant technological progress, the decision is mostly made based on observation and supported with IGRT verification. Although further research is still needed, adaptive strategies are evolving and now became the state of the art of modern radiotherapy.     

Evolving Radiotherapy Techniques in Paediatric Oncology

Aims

Childhood cancer is rare and survival of childhood cancer has increased up to 80% at 5 years after diagnosis. Radiotherapy is an important element of the multimodal treatment concept. However, due to growing tissue, children are particularly sensitive to radiation-related side-effects and the induction of secondary malignancies. However, radiotherapy techniques have continuously progressed. In addition, modern treatment concepts have been improved in order to minimise long-term effects. Today, radiotherapy is used for various tumour types in childhood, such as sarcomas and tumours of the central nervous system.

FeNO预测肺癌患者放射性肺炎的临床价值

目的:观察肺癌患者放疗后一氧化氮分数（FeNO）的增加能否提示放射性肺损伤。方法:本研究中，我们评估了FeNO变化与放疗后呼吸症状、CT扫描改变和剂量体积直方图（DVH）参数之间的关系。测量65例肺癌患者放疗前及放疗后4、5、6、10周和4、7.5月的FeNO。结果:在放疗后，11名肺癌患者（17%）自述有明显的呼吸道症状，21名（32%）患者有超过1/3的被照射肺区表现出放射性肺炎样图像。13名患者（20%）的FeNO增加超过10 ppb。以FeNO增加超过10 ppb为标准诊断放疗相关呼吸症状的灵敏度和特异性分别为18%和83%。FeNO变化与放疗后DVH参数或CT扫描改变之间无显著相关性。3名患者（5%）在第4、5周持续表现出异常高水平的FeNO（2或3倍，高达55 ppb），随后出现了显著的呼吸症状和/或放射性肺炎图像。结论:放疗期间的连续FeNO监测预测肺癌患者放射性肺炎症状或图像的能力较差。然而，三名患者表现出的特定模式值得研究。     

Prostate imaging: Contribution of PET PSMA and MRI

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumour and represents the third cause of cancer-mortality in men. The management of prostate cancer has dramatically changed over the last decades, mainly due to improvement of diagnostic modalities and development of new therapeutic strategies. Imaging plays a key role in all the steps of prostate cancer management. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron-emission tomography (PET) – computed tomography (CT) have emerged as two major tools for the detection of prostate cancer, tumour staging and treatment choice. Both MRI and PET-CT – using choline or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as radiotracer – have become mandatory. This article presents the contribution of the latest advances in these two imaging techniques of prostate cancer and their future developments.